Direito e Economia

Esta semana houve por aqui uma série de palestras de um povo que pretende cultivar Law & Economics em Minas Gerais. Mas se você quer um exemplo de um estudo típico da área, eis um belo exemplo.

A Economia da arbitragem: Escolha racional e geração de valor (with Antonio Celso Pugliese)
Bruno Meyerhof Salama
Abstract
This article examines the institute of arbitration and its relationship with court activities from the perspective of transactions costs. Its objective is to show how arbitration can reduce the transactions costs in a certain normative environment and contribute to institutional improvement. The costs related to the use arbitration and court proceedings work like a price mechanism: the bigger the cost, the lower the demand (and vice-versa). The institute of arbitration can potentially engender a reduction of transactions costs because of (a) the relative quickness with which it is carried out, (b) the relative neutrality of arbiters, and (c) the specialization of arbiters. Moreover, the use of arbitration can create better incentives for the fulfillment of contractual promises. This is so because the use of an arbitration clause in a contract allows the parties to regulate the normative environment to which they will be bound in case of a dispute. The lack of clarity about the lawfulness of arbitration proceedings increases the transactions costs imposed by the normative framework. Higher levels of uncertainty create incentives for the individuals to change thei negotiating patterns or simply to reduce their participation in economic activities, thereby reducing the potential for generating wealth for society.

Creio que qualquer um interessado no tema deva ter aparecido no seminário citado (eu não pude ir. Irônico, não?). Na verdade, eu nem acho que Direito e Economia seja uma área. Ela é mais uma das linhas de pesquisa que se encontra sob o guarda-chuva do que poderíamos chamar de “Teoria Geral dos Incentivos”.